The Ethereum network has successfully activated its second major upgrade of the year, named Fusaka. The fork officially went live on the Ethereum mainnet at 9:49 pm UTC on Wednesday, December 3, 2025, at Epoch 411392.
The centerpiece of the Fusaka upgrade is the implementation of EIP-7594: Peer Data Availability Sampling (PeerDAS). This protocol is a significant scaling innovation that allows Ethereum nodes to verify the completeness of block data without needing to download the entire dataset. In practical terms, PeerDAS fragments large blobs of rollup data into smaller cells, reducing the data burden on individual nodes. This enables nodes to process information faster and allows Layer-2 solutions to interact with the Ethereum mainnet more efficiently.
The Ethereum Foundation, which detailed the upgrade in a social media thread, stated that Fusaka brings the network a step closer to providing "near-instant transactions" and lays the groundwork for "instant-feel" user experiences. They highlighted that the upgrade will "unlock up to 8x data throughput" for Layer-2s and rollups, leading to cheaper blob fees and more room for growth while preserving network decentralization.
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin publicly praised the development team, calling PeerDAS a realization of Ethereum's long-held sharding ambitions. "Sharding has been a dream for Ethereum since 2015… and data availability sampling since 2017. And now we have it," Buterin remarked.
The market reacted positively to the upgrade's launch. Ethereum's native token, ETH, broke above the $3,000 psychological barrier and was trading around $3,162 at the time of reporting, marking an approximate 5% gain. Analysts and prominent traders are speculating that the fundamental improvements could fuel a significant price rally. Comparisons were drawn to the previous Pectra upgrade, which was followed by a 58% price increase for ETH.
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